Executive summary It is evident from the data presented in this position paper2 that, following the March 2016 EU- Turkey agreement regarding refugees and migrants, 3 the movements of migrants (including those leaving the Libyan coast) were greatly reduced between 2016 and 2018. However, a consequence of this has been the reopening of the migration route between Morocco and Spain, the main passage for African migrants to Europe between 2003 and 2005.